ORGANIC

In today's world, the where global environmental problems deteriorate, organic agriculture is a new source of hope for humanity.


"Organic Agriculture", which is defined with different words such as biological, ecological and bio, was born as an alternative method to overcome the negative effects of increasing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on nature and human health and the commercial problems. In the English-speaking countries, the term "organic farming" is used for agricultural methods in which ecological principles are applied in production, and in many other countries the equivalents of "ecological farming" in their own language are used.


For example, in Germany, Ökologischer Landbau; in Sweden, Ekologisk produktion and so on. The word "ecological" is also included in the names of some large organic institutions. The Institute for Organic Agriculture in Norway - Norsk senter for Økologisk landbruk-NORSØK or the Organic Office of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture in Germany -Referat Oekologischer Landbau-. In addition, the term "Biological Agriculture" is used in Switzerland, Austria, Italy and France. In preparing the European Union Regulation No. 2092/91, the relevant commission, by taking into account all these trends, stated that all three terms (Organic, Ecological, and Biological) would be preserved and even the words Bio or Eco could be used in the official languages ​​of the European Union. In our country, according to the “Regulation on the Principles and Application of Organic Agriculture” published in the Official Gazette dated 10.06.2005, only the word “organic” should be used for organic agricultural product.


In order to produce healthy products without disrupting the natural balance, the production controlled by a certification process and the organic production is called Organic Production and the products obtained in this way are called Organic Production by preferring the natural methods in plant protection and pest control by adopting the cultural measures as a priority in appropriate ecologies. According to the definition of the CODEX Alimentarius, organic agriculture is a “holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity”. However, the passage of time has revealed that this system is a philosophy of life rather than an alternative method. It is a fact that consumption demand has increased due to the increase in the world population. At this point, although an expansion was observed in agricultural fields in order to meet the demand for agricultural production, the target was directed to harvest more products per area unit. However, it has been scientifically proven that unconscious agricultural activities threaten human and animal health, lead to depletion and/or pollution of underground water resources, deterioration of natural plant and soil patterns and damage to biodiversity. These problems are manifested primarily in Northern European countries. Thereupon, agricultural production started without the use of synthetic drugs and fertilizers under the leadership of some manufacturers in the USA.